What Are Pediatric Fractures?
Fractures, or broken bones, are a common injury in children. Unlike adults, the bones of children are still growing, which can influence the type and treatment of the fracture. Children's bones are more flexible and have a thicker periosteum, making them less likely to break completely. This is why incomplete fractures like
greenstick fractures are more common in children.
Common Types of Fractures in Children
1. Greenstick Fracture: This occurs when the bone bends and partially breaks. It is named after the way a green twig breaks.
2. Torus or Buckle Fracture: This type of fracture occurs when one side of the bone compresses, causing the other side to buckle without breaking.
3. Growth Plate Fracture: These fractures occur at the growth plate, the area of tissue at the end of long bones in children and adolescents. Growth plate fractures can affect future bone growth and require careful treatment.
4. Complete Fracture: The bone is broken all the way through.
5. Comminuted Fracture: The bone is broken into several pieces.Causes of Fractures in Children
Fractures in children are commonly caused by falls, sports injuries, or accidents. Certain conditions like
osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic disorder, can make bones more susceptible to fractures.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms of a fracture include pain, swelling, bruising, and an inability to move the affected limb. In some cases, there may be a visible deformity. Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination and imaging tests such as
X-rays. Occasionally, more advanced imaging like
MRI or
CT scan may be required.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the fracture. Most pediatric fractures are treated with immobilization using a cast or splint. In some cases, especially with growth plate fractures or misaligned bones, surgery may be required.
Orthopedic surgeons may use pins, plates, or screws to hold the bone in place. Physical therapy is often recommended to restore strength and function after the bone heals.
Bone Deformities in Children
Bone deformities refer to abnormalities in the shape or structure of a bone. These can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developed after birth due to injury or disease).Common Types of Bone Deformities
1.
Congenital Limb Deficiencies: These are present at birth and include conditions like
clubfoot and congenital hip dysplasia.
2.
Rickets: A condition caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, leading to softening and weakening of the bones.
3.
Blount's Disease: A growth disorder of the shin bone that causes the lower leg to angle inward.
Causes of Bone Deformities
Congenital deformities are often due to genetic factors or issues during fetal development. Acquired deformities can result from nutritional deficiencies, trauma, or diseases like
osteomyelitis (bone infection).
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms vary depending on the type of deformity but may include pain, abnormal gait, and visible irregularities in bone shape. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, patient history, and imaging studies.Treatment Options
Treatment for bone deformities can include nutritional supplements, physical therapy, orthotic devices, and in some cases, surgery. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent long-term complications.Prevention and Care
Preventing fractures and bone deformities involves ensuring a safe environment for children, providing a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and regular medical check-ups to monitor bone health. Educating parents and caregivers about the importance of protective gear during sports and activities can also play a significant role in prevention.
