What is Endotracheal Intubation?
Endotracheal intubation is a medical procedure where a tube is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea. This is often performed to ensure an open airway, deliver oxygen, and administer medications directly to the lungs.
Pre-oxygenation to ensure adequate oxygen levels.
Positioning the neonate properly, often with the neck slightly extended.
Using a laryngoscope to visualize the vocal cords.
Inserting the endotracheal tube through the vocal cords into the trachea.
Confirming tube placement via auscultation, chest rise, and
capnography.
Securitizing the tube to prevent dislodgement.
Trauma to the airway or vocal cords
Infection
Accidental extubation
Incorrect tube placement, leading to
atelectasis or air leak syndromes
Long-term complications such as subglottic stenosis
Regular
blood gas analysis to assess oxygenation and ventilation
Continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation levels
Frequent chest X-rays to confirm tube placement and
lung expansion When is Extubation Considered?
Extubation is considered when the neonate shows improved respiratory function, stable vital signs, and adequate spontaneous breathing efforts. Pre-extubation assessments often include trials of reduced ventilatory support and monitoring the neonate’s ability to maintain oxygenation and ventilation independently.
Endotracheal intubation is a critical intervention in managing neonatal respiratory disorders. While it carries certain risks, the benefits often outweigh these, especially in severe cases where non-invasive measures are inadequate. Proper technique, vigilant monitoring, and timely intervention are key to the successful management of these vulnerable patients.
