Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique that measures electrical activity in the brain using electrodes attached to the scalp. In neonates, EEG is particularly useful in identifying and monitoring various neurological disorders.
EEG plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and management of neonatal seizures, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and other brain injuries. Early detection allows for timely intervention, which can significantly improve long-term outcomes.
Performing an EEG on a neonate involves placing multiple electrodes on the baby's scalp. These electrodes are connected to an EEG machine that records brain activity. The procedure is painless and usually takes about 1-2 hours. Special care is taken to ensure the neonate is comfortable and stable during the test.
There are different types of EEG used in neonatal care:
Routine EEG: Typically lasts 30-60 minutes and is used for initial assessment. Prolonged EEG: Lasts several hours to days, helpful for capturing intermittent events. Amplitude-Integrated EEG (aEEG): Simplified version used for continuous monitoring, especially in NICUs.
While EEG is a powerful tool, it has limitations. It may not always detect deep-seated brain abnormalities and can sometimes produce false positives. Additionally, the interpretation of neonatal EEG requires specialized training and experience.
EEG provides real-time monitoring of brain function, allowing for immediate intervention if abnormalities are detected. It is non-invasive and can be performed at the bedside, making it ideal for fragile neonates in the NICU. Moreover, it can guide therapeutic decisions and help predict neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Advancements in EEG technology, such as high-density EEG and integration with other imaging modalities like MRI, are promising. These innovations aim to provide more detailed and accurate assessments of neonatal brain function, improving diagnosis and treatment strategies.
