What is DNA Methylation?
DNA methylation is a biochemical process involving the addition of a methyl group to the DNA molecule, usually at the cytosine base in a CpG dinucleotide context. This modification can influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Caused by a lack of expression of paternal genes in the 15q11-q13 region, often due to methylation abnormalities.
Angelman Syndrome: Results from the loss of maternal gene expression in the same chromosomal region.
Silver-Russell Syndrome: Characterized by growth retardation, often linked to hypomethylation of the H19/IGF2 locus.
Rett Syndrome: Caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, which is involved in methyl-CpG binding and gene regulation.
These methods help in diagnosing and understanding the epigenetic basis of neonatal disorders.
Can DNA Methylation be Reversed or Modified?
Unlike genetic mutations, DNA methylation is a reversible process. This opens up possibilities for therapeutic interventions. For instance,
epigenetic drugs like DNA methyltransferase inhibitors are being investigated for their potential to correct abnormal methylation patterns and treat certain neonatal disorders.
Future Directions in Research
Ongoing research aims to better understand the complex relationship between DNA methylation and neonatal disorders. Emerging technologies like
CRISPR-based epigenome editing offer promising avenues for precise modification of methylation patterns, potentially leading to novel therapies for conditions that currently have limited treatment options.
In summary, DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mechanism influencing neonatal health. Abnormal methylation patterns can lead to a range of neonatal disorders, but advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques offer hope for better management and treatment of these conditions.
