What is Craniosynostosis?
Craniosynostosis is a congenital condition characterized by the premature fusion of one or more
cranial sutures. This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and can affect the shape and size of the head and face.
Types of Craniosynostosis
There are several types of craniosynostosis, categorized based on which sutures are affected:Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of craniosynostosis is often unknown, but it can be associated with genetic mutations. Some cases are linked to
syndromic conditions such as Apert syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, and Pfeiffer syndrome. Risk factors may include advanced paternal age, maternal smoking, and certain medications taken during pregnancy.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms of craniosynostosis can vary depending on the sutures involved but often include: An abnormal head shape.
A
fontanelle (soft spot) that closes early or is absent.
Slow or no growth of the head as the baby grows.
Development of a raised, hard ridge along affected sutures.
Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, and imaging tests like
CT scans or X-rays to confirm suture fusion and assess the severity.
Treatment Options
Treatment for craniosynostosis often involves
surgical intervention. The timing and type of surgery depend on the child's age and the severity of the condition:
Endoscopic surgery - usually performed in infants under six months, minimally invasive.
Open surgery - typically performed on older infants and involves more extensive reshaping of the skull.
Post-surgery, children may require
helmet therapy to help mold the skull into a more typical shape as it heals.
Potential Complications
Without treatment, craniosynostosis can lead to complications such as: Increased intracranial pressure.
Developmental delays.
Visual and hearing issues.
Psychosocial effects due to abnormal head shape.
Prognosis and Long-term Outlook
With timely and appropriate treatment, many children with craniosynostosis can lead normal, healthy lives. Early intervention is crucial to prevent complications and support optimal
developmental outcomes.
