Infectious Diseases
Infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The mechanisms involve the invasion of pathogens like viruses, bacteria, or fungi. For example, in viral infections like Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), the virus attaches to respiratory epithelial cells, leading to inflammation and airway obstruction.
Genetic Disorders
Genetic disorders often stem from mutations in specific genes. Conditions like Cystic Fibrosis (CF) result from mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to dysfunctional chloride channels and thick mucus production. This mechanism causes respiratory and gastrointestinal complications.
Autoimmune Diseases
In autoimmune diseases like Type 1 Diabetes, the immune system erroneously attacks pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency. This autoimmune response is often triggered by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
Developmental Disorders
Developmental disorders like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have complex mechanisms involving genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. These mechanisms affect brain development, leading to deficits in social interaction and communication.
