What is Thrush?
Thrush, also known as
oral candidiasis, is a common fungal infection in infants and young children caused by the fungus Candida albicans. It often manifests as white, creamy patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, and occasionally the roof of the mouth, gums, and tonsils.
What Causes Thrush in Children?
Thrush is primarily caused by an overgrowth of
Candida, a yeast-like fungus that naturally lives in the mouth and digestive tract. Factors contributing to this overgrowth include a weakened immune system, the use of
antibiotics that disrupt normal bacterial balance, and in some cases, transmission from the mother during breastfeeding if she has a yeast infection.
White patches inside the mouth that do not wipe away easily.
Redness or soreness in the mouth, making it painful for the child to eat or swallow.
Cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth.
In some cases, a
diaper rash may accompany oral thrush.
How is Thrush Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination by a pediatrician. The white patches are characteristic and can often be identified visually. In uncertain cases, a small sample from the affected area may be taken for microscopic examination to confirm the presence of Candida.
Nystatin oral suspension - applied directly to the affected areas in the mouth.
Fluconazole - an oral medication for more persistent cases.
Clotrimazole - a topical treatment for associated diaper rash.
It's crucial to complete the full course of treatment to prevent recurrence.
Maintaining good oral hygiene by cleaning the child’s mouth with a soft, damp cloth.
Ensuring feeding bottles and pacifiers are thoroughly cleaned and sterilized.
Breastfeeding mothers should treat any
nipple yeast infection promptly to reduce transmission.
Avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics that can disrupt normal bacterial flora.
The child exhibits persistent white patches in the mouth that do not improve with home care.
The child is experiencing difficulty feeding or is unusually fussy.
There are signs of a widespread
infection, such as fever or irritability.
Conclusion
Thrush is a common yet manageable condition in pediatric practice. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are key to preventing complications. Parents should maintain good hygiene practices and seek timely medical advice to ensure the well-being of their children.
