Supplemental oxygen is the provision of additional oxygen to neonates whose lungs are not capable of maintaining adequate oxygen levels on their own. This intervention is critical in neonatal care, especially for infants born preterm or with respiratory distress syndrome.
While supplemental oxygen is lifesaving, it is not without risks. One of the most significant risks is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a condition that can lead to blindness in preterm infants. Another potential risk includes oxygen toxicity, which can cause lung damage.
To minimize risks, it is crucial to closely monitor oxygen saturation levels using a pulse oximeter. The target saturation levels may vary depending on the neonate’s condition, but generally, they are kept between 90-95%. Too high or too low oxygen levels can be harmful.
Long-term effects of supplemental oxygen in neonates are an area of ongoing research. Some studies suggest that prolonged exposure to high levels of oxygen may be linked to neurodevelopmental delays and chronic lung disease. Therefore, the goal is to use the minimum necessary amount of oxygen for the shortest duration possible.
Parental Concerns and Education
Parental anxiety regarding the use of supplemental oxygen is common. Healthcare providers should educate parents about the benefits and risks, as well as the importance of regular follow-up appointments to monitor the baby's progress. Providing comprehensive information can help alleviate concerns and promote better outcomes.
