What is Single Umbilical Artery (SUA)?
Single Umbilical Artery (SUA) is a congenital anomaly where the umbilical cord has only one artery instead of the usual two. Normally, the umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein. SUA is detected in approximately 0.5% to 1% of singleton pregnancies and up to 5% of multiple pregnancies.
How is SUA Diagnosed?
SUA is typically diagnosed through a routine prenatal ultrasound. During the ultrasound, the technician may notice the absence of one of the two arteries in the umbilical cord. This finding may prompt further testing, such as a detailed anatomical scan or fetal echocardiography, to check for other potential anomalies.
What Causes SUA?
The exact cause of SUA is not well understood. It may result from abnormal development of the umbilical cord during the early stages of pregnancy. Genetic factors and maternal conditions (e.g., diabetes, smoking) may also play a role. However, SUA can occur in otherwise healthy pregnancies as well.
However, it is important to note that many babies with SUA are born healthy and without any associated anomalies.
Frequent ultrasounds to monitor fetal growth and amniotic fluid levels
Non-stress tests to assess fetal well-being
Detailed anomaly scans to check for other potential abnormalities
If additional anomalies are detected, a referral to a maternal-fetal medicine specialist or genetic counseling may be advised.
What Happens After Birth?
After birth, a thorough physical examination of the newborn is essential to rule out any associated anomalies. If any are suspected, further diagnostic tests, such as echocardiograms or renal ultrasounds, may be performed. In the absence of other anomalies, most infants with SUA do not require special medical treatment.
What is the Prognosis for Infants with SUA?
The prognosis for infants with SUA largely depends on the presence or absence of additional anomalies. In the absence of other abnormalities, the prognosis is generally excellent, and most infants lead normal, healthy lives. If other anomalies are present, the prognosis will depend on the specific conditions and their severity.
Conclusion
Single Umbilical Artery (SUA) is a relatively common congenital anomaly that is usually identified via prenatal ultrasound. While it can be associated with other anomalies and complications, many cases of SUA result in healthy outcomes. Close monitoring and thorough postnatal examination are essential to ensure the well-being of the infant.
