What is Sever's Disease?
Sever's Disease, also known as calcaneal apophysitis, is a common cause of heel pain in growing children, especially those who are physically active. It is an inflammation of the growth plate in the heel, which is called the calcaneal apophysis. This condition primarily affects children between the ages of 8 and 14 years.
Causes
The main cause of Sever's Disease is repetitive stress and overuse, often seen in children who participate in sports that involve running and jumping. The growth plate in the heel is vulnerable to injury because it is not yet fully developed and is softer than mature bone. Factors such as wearing poorly fitted shoes, a sudden increase in physical activity, and having a high arch or flat feet can contribute to the condition.Symptoms
The most common symptom of Sever's Disease is heel pain, which can be sharp or throbbing. Pain is usually worse during and after physical activity and can cause children to limp or walk on their toes. Swelling and tenderness at the back of the heel are also common. Symptoms may occur in one or both heels.Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Sever's Disease is primarily based on the child's medical history and a physical examination. The doctor will ask about the child's activity level and symptoms. X-rays are usually not necessary but may be taken to rule out other conditions, such as fractures or infections.Treatment
Treatment for Sever's Disease focuses on relieving pain and reducing inflammation. The following methods are commonly recommended:- Rest: Reducing or temporarily stopping activities that cause pain can give the heel time to heal.
- Ice: Applying ice packs to the affected heel for 15-20 minutes several times a day can help reduce swelling and pain.
- Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can be used to alleviate discomfort.
- Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Specific exercises can help stretch the calf muscles and Achilles tendon, reducing tension on the growth plate.
- Footwear: Wearing well-fitted, supportive shoes with cushioned insoles can help reduce stress on the heel.
- Orthotic Devices: Custom or over-the-counter orthotic inserts can provide additional support and alleviate pressure on the heel.
Prognosis
The prognosis for Sever's Disease is generally very good. With proper treatment and management, most children recover fully without long-term complications. Symptoms typically resolve within a few weeks to a few months, although some children may experience recurrent episodes of pain.Prevention
Preventive measures can help reduce the risk of developing Sever's Disease:- Encourage children to wear well-fitted, supportive shoes that are appropriate for their activities.
- Ensure children warm up properly before engaging in sports and physical activities.
- Gradually increase the intensity and duration of physical activity to avoid sudden overuse.
- Incorporate regular stretching and strengthening exercises into the child's routine.
When to See a Doctor
Parents should seek medical advice if their child experiences persistent heel pain that does not improve with rest and home treatments, or if the pain interferes with daily activities. A healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend an appropriate treatment plan.
Conclusion
Sever's Disease is a common and manageable condition that affects many physically active children. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help parents and caregivers provide the best care for their child. With appropriate management, most children can return to their regular activities without any long-term issues.
