What is Rheumatic Fever?
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever. These conditions are caused by an infection with streptococcus bacteria. It primarily affects children between the ages of 5 and 15.
Fever
Painful and tender joints, often the knees, ankles, elbows, and wrists
Red, hot, or swollen joints
Small, painless nodules beneath the skin
Chest pain
Heart murmur
Fatigue
Flat or slightly raised, painless rash with a ragged edge (erythema marginatum)
Jerky, uncontrollable body movements (Sydenham chorea)
Medical history and physical examination
Throat culture or rapid strep test to identify streptococcal infection
Blood tests to detect inflammation and antibodies
Electrocardiogram (ECG) to check for heart involvement
Echocardiogram to visualize heart structures and function
Rheumatic heart disease, which can permanently damage heart valves
Heart failure due to severe valve damage
Atrial fibrillation due to heart valve damage
Increased risk of recurrent streptococcal infections
How is Rheumatic Fever Treated?
Treatment for rheumatic fever aims to eradicate the streptococcal bacteria, reduce inflammation, and manage symptoms. Options include:
Antibiotics to treat the initial infection and prevent recurrence
Anti-inflammatory medications like aspirin or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain
Anticonvulsant medications for Sydenham chorea
Bed rest to reduce the strain on the heart
Seeking medical attention for sore throat symptoms
Completing the full course of prescribed antibiotics
Regular follow-ups to prevent recurrence
Why is Early Detection Important?
Early detection and treatment of streptococcal infections can prevent the development of rheumatic fever. This emphasizes the importance of:
Awareness of strep throat symptoms
Prompt medical evaluation and treatment
Compliance with antibiotic regimens
Conclusion
Rheumatic fever is a serious condition that can have long-term consequences for children if not properly treated. Understanding its symptoms, complications, and treatment options is crucial for effective management and prevention. Early detection and adherence to prescribed treatments are key to preventing this disease and its associated complications.
