Premature birth, also known as preterm birth, occurs when a baby is born before 37 weeks of gestation. Full-term pregnancies typically last about 40 weeks. Premature birth can result in a range of neonatal disorders and health complications for the infant.
Several factors can contribute to premature birth, including maternal health conditions such as preeclampsia, infections, multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets), and lifestyle factors like smoking or substance abuse. In many cases, the exact cause remains unknown.
Premature birth is usually diagnosed based on the gestational age of the infant at birth. Ultrasound and other prenatal tests can sometimes predict the likelihood of a preterm birth, especially if the mother has risk factors or symptoms.
Treatment for premature infants often involves specialized care in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Interventions may include respiratory support, nutritional support, and medications to treat or prevent infections. The goal is to support the infant's development until they are more stable and closer to their expected full-term birth date.
While not all cases of premature birth can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk. These include regular prenatal care, managing chronic conditions, avoiding harmful substances, and sometimes using medications to delay labor if preterm birth seems imminent.
The long-term outlook for premature infants varies widely. Many preterm babies grow up to be healthy children and adults, but some may face ongoing health issues such as developmental delays, cerebral palsy, or chronic lung disease. Early intervention and continuous medical care can significantly improve outcomes.
Support for families of premature infants can include counseling, support groups, and educational resources to help them navigate the complexities of neonatal care. Many hospitals offer programs to assist families during their stay in the NICU and after they bring their baby home.
