What is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)?
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is a sophisticated reproductive technology used alongside
IVF to screen embryos for specific genetic conditions before they are implanted into the uterus. This allows parents at risk of passing on genetic disorders to ensure that their child is free from those conditions.
How Does PGD Work?
During IVF, multiple embryos are created in the lab. When the embryos reach a certain stage of development, a few cells are carefully removed for genetic testing. These cells undergo
genetic screening to detect any abnormalities. Only embryos free from the targeted genetic conditions are then selected for implantation.
Who Should Consider PGD?
PGD is recommended for couples with a known risk of passing on genetic disorders. This includes those with a family history of genetic diseases, carriers of recessive disorders, and individuals with chromosomal abnormalities. Couples who have experienced recurrent miscarriages or failed IVF cycles may also benefit from PGD.
Reducing the risk of genetic disorders in the child
Increasing the chances of a successful pregnancy by selecting healthy embryos
Providing peace of mind to parents concerned about passing on genetic conditions
It can only screen for known genetic conditions; new or unknown mutations may not be detected
The process is complex and costly, often requiring multiple IVF cycles
There is a small risk of damage to the embryo during cell removal
Ethical concerns around the selection of embryos based on genetic makeup
Is it ethical to select embryos based on genetic traits?
How should society handle the potential for "designer babies"?
What are the implications for individuals and families who cannot afford PGD?
These questions require careful consideration by healthcare providers, ethicists, and society at large.
Providing information about genetic disorders and the benefits and limitations of PGD
Referring families to genetic counselors and reproductive specialists
Offering emotional support and guidance throughout the decision-making process
Conclusion
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is a groundbreaking technology that offers hope to families at risk of genetic disorders. While it presents certain ethical and practical challenges, its potential to prevent serious pediatric conditions makes it an invaluable tool in modern medicine. By staying informed and supporting families, pediatricians can help navigate the complexities of PGD and contribute to healthier futures for children.
