What is Permethrin?
Permethrin is a synthetic chemical commonly used as an insecticide, acaricide, and insect repellent. It belongs to the pyrethroid family of chemicals and is widely used in both medical and non-medical settings. In pediatrics, it is primarily employed for the treatment of
scabies and
head lice.
How Does Permethrin Work?
Permethrin works by disrupting the sodium channel current in the nerve cells of insects, leading to paralysis and death. When applied to the skin or hair, it targets the nervous system of parasites like scabies mites and lice, effectively eradicating them. It is considered effective and relatively safe for pediatric use when applied according to guidelines.
Indications for Permethrin Use in Pediatrics
Scabies: A contagious skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, leading to intense itching and rash.
Head Lice: Infestation of the scalp by Pediculus humanus capitis, resulting in itching and discomfort.
How is Permethrin Applied?
For head lice, a 1% permethrin lotion or cream rinse is typically used. It is applied to washed and towel-dried hair, left on for 10 minutes, and then rinsed off. For scabies, a 5% permethrin cream is used. It is applied to the entire body from the neck down and left on for 8 to 14 hours before washing off. It’s crucial to follow the instructions provided by healthcare professionals.
Is Permethrin Safe for Children?
Permethrin is generally considered safe for children over the age of two months when used as directed. However, it should be used with caution in younger infants, and only under the guidance of a pediatrician. Side effects are usually mild and may include skin irritation, redness, or itching at the site of application.
Skin irritation
Redness
Itching
Burning sensation
Severe reactions are rare but may include allergic reactions. If any severe side effects occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.
Can Permethrin be Used for Prevention?
Permethrin is not typically used for the prevention of scabies or head lice. It is primarily a treatment for active infestations. Preventive measures include avoiding close contact with infested individuals and following good hygiene practices.
How Effective is Permethrin?
Permethrin is highly effective in treating scabies and head lice when used correctly. Most patients experience relief of symptoms within a few days of treatment. However, it may be necessary to repeat the treatment after a week to ensure complete eradication of the parasites.
The choice of treatment depends on various factors including the age of the child, severity of infestation, and any underlying health conditions.
Conclusion
Permethrin plays a vital role in the treatment of common parasitic infestations like scabies and head lice in pediatric patients. It is effective, relatively safe, and easy to use when following prescribed guidelines. Parents and caregivers should consult with a healthcare provider to ensure proper use and to discuss any concerns about side effects or alternative treatments.
