What is a Peanut Allergy?
A peanut allergy is an abnormal immune response to proteins found in peanuts. When a child with a peanut allergy is exposed to even small amounts of peanuts, their immune system can overreact, potentially causing a severe reaction known as anaphylaxis.
How Common is Peanut Allergy in Children?
Peanut allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children. It typically develops in early childhood and can persist into adulthood. Studies suggest that the prevalence of peanut allergy has been increasing over the past few decades.
What Causes Peanut Allergy?
The exact cause of peanut allergy is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A child is more likely to develop a peanut allergy if there is a family history of allergies, asthma, or eczema.
Hives or skin rash
Swelling of the lips, face, or eyes
Itchy throat or mouth
Stomach pain, diarrhea, or vomiting
Difficulty breathing or wheezing
Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction that requires immediate medical attention
Skin Prick Test (SPT): A small amount of peanut protein is placed on the skin, which is then pricked with a needle. If a raised bump appears, it indicates an allergic reaction.
Blood Test: Measures the level of specific antibodies (IgE) to peanuts in the blood.
Oral Food Challenge: Conducted under medical supervision, the child is given small, increasing amounts of peanut to see if they have an allergic reaction.
Can Peanut Allergy be Prevented?
Recent guidelines suggest that introducing peanut-containing foods to infants at an early age may help prevent the development of a peanut allergy. This should be done under the guidance of a pediatrician, especially for infants at high risk of allergies.
Read food labels carefully
Inform schools and caregivers about the child's allergy
Have an
Anaphylaxis Action Plan in place
Educate the child about their allergy as they grow older
Conclusion
Peanut allergy is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires careful management. Early diagnosis, education, and preparedness can help ensure the safety and well-being of children with peanut allergies. For the latest information and personalized advice, always consult with a pediatrician or allergist.
