What is Multidrug Resistant TB (MDR TB)?
Multidrug Resistant TB (MDR TB) is a form of tuberculosis (TB) infection caused by bacteria that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs. This resistance makes the disease more challenging to treat and increases the risk of transmission.
How Common is MDR TB in Children?
MDR TB is less common in children than in adults, but its incidence is rising globally. Children are more susceptible due to their developing immune systems and close contact with infected adults. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), children account for a significant portion of the global TB burden.
Contact with a known MDR TB case
Previous incomplete or inadequate TB treatment
Living in or traveling to areas with high MDR TB prevalence
HIV infection or other conditions that weaken the immune system
Chronic cough
Fever
Weight loss or failure to thrive
Night sweats
Fatigue
Difficulty breathing
How is MDR TB Diagnosed in Children?
Diagnosing MDR TB in children can be challenging due to non-specific symptoms and difficulty in obtaining sputum samples. Diagnostic methods include:
Fluoroquinolones
Injectable agents (e.g., amikacin, capreomycin)
Newer drugs like bedaquiline and delamanid
The treatment duration is typically longer, often 18-24 months, and involves close monitoring for adverse effects and treatment adherence.
Limited access to second-line drugs
Adverse side effects
Drug interactions, especially in HIV co-infected children
Ensuring adherence to long treatment regimens
Psychosocial impact on the child and family
Ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment
Monitoring for side effects and treatment adherence
Providing
psychosocial support to the child and family
Educating families about TB prevention and treatment
Advocating for better access to second-line drugs and diagnostic tools
