What is Losartan?
Losartan is an
angiotensin II receptor antagonist commonly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Though it is primarily prescribed for adults, it is also used in
pediatric populations under certain conditions.
When is Losartan Used in Pediatrics?
Losartan is typically used in pediatric patients to treat hypertension, especially when other medications are not effective or suitable. It can also be prescribed for
pediatric patients with certain kidney diseases, such as those resulting from diabetes or other conditions causing proteinuria.
Dosage and Administration
The dosage of losartan in children is determined based on their weight and specific condition. The initial dose is usually around 0.7 mg/kg once daily, but it can be adjusted based on the response and tolerance of the child. It's important for healthcare providers to
closely monitor children on losartan for optimal dosing and efficacy.
Side Effects
Common side effects in children taking losartan include
dizziness, headache, and upper respiratory infections. More serious side effects can include
kidney problems, hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), and allergic reactions. Parents should be advised to watch for symptoms like swelling of the face, difficulty breathing, or unusual tiredness, and to seek medical attention if these occur.
Precautions and Contraindications
Losartan should be used with caution in children with
renal impairment or those who have conditions that predispose them to hyperkalemia. It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug. Also, losartan should not be used during pregnancy due to the risk of harm to the fetus.
Drug Interactions
Losartan can interact with other medications, which can affect its efficacy and safety. For instance, it can interact with
NSAIDs, diuretics, and other antihypertensive agents. It’s crucial for healthcare providers to review all current medications a child is taking before initiating losartan therapy.
Monitoring and Follow-up
Children on losartan require regular follow-up visits to monitor blood pressure, kidney function, and electrolyte levels. Periodic blood tests may be necessary to ensure that the medication is not causing adverse effects, such as elevated potassium or renal function changes.Conclusion
Losartan is a valuable medication in the pediatric population for specific cases of hypertension and kidney disease. Proper dosing, close monitoring, and awareness of potential side effects and interactions are essential for its safe and effective use. Parents and caregivers should maintain open communication with healthcare providers to ensure the best outcomes for their child.
