What are Liver Function Tests?
Liver function tests (LFTs) are a group of blood tests that help evaluate the health and functionality of the liver. These tests measure various enzymes, proteins, and substances produced or processed by the liver. They are crucial for diagnosing and monitoring
liver diseases in children.
Key Components of Liver Function Tests
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): An enzyme found in the liver that helps convert proteins into energy for liver cells. Elevated levels may indicate liver damage.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): An enzyme that, like ALT, is found in the liver and other tissues. High levels often suggest liver injury or disease.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): An enzyme related to bile ducts; high levels can indicate blockage or liver disease.
Bilirubin: A substance produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. High levels cause jaundice and may indicate liver dysfunction.
Albumin: A protein made by the liver. Low levels can indicate chronic liver disease or other conditions.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT): An enzyme that helps with liver metabolism and bile secretion. Elevated levels often suggest liver or bile duct problems.
When Should Liver Function Tests Be Ordered?
Pediatricians may order LFTs if a child presents symptoms such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, dark urine, pale stool, persistent nausea, or unexplained fatigue. They may also be ordered as part of routine bloodwork for children with systemic diseases or those on long-term medications known to affect the liver.
Interpreting Liver Function Test Results
Interpreting LFT results requires a thorough understanding of normal pediatric ranges, which can differ from adult values. Elevated ALT and AST levels usually indicate liver cell injury, while high ALP can suggest bile duct problems. Elevated bilirubin levels point to jaundice, and low albumin levels may suggest chronic liver disease or malnutrition. A comprehensive evaluation often involves correlating these results with clinical findings and other diagnostic tests. Follow-up and Management
Abnormal LFT results necessitate further investigation to determine the underlying cause. Follow-up may involve additional blood tests,
ultrasound imaging, or a
liver biopsy. Treatment is tailored based on the diagnosis and may include medication, lifestyle changes, or surgical interventions. Regular monitoring of liver function is crucial for managing chronic liver conditions effectively.
Conclusion
Liver function tests are a vital tool in pediatric healthcare for diagnosing and managing liver diseases. Understanding the components and significance of these tests allows for early detection and effective treatment of liver-related conditions in children, ensuring better health outcomes.
