What is Laryngomalacia?
Laryngomalacia is a congenital condition characterized by the collapse of the supraglottic structures of the larynx during inhalation. This collapse leads to airway obstruction and is the most common cause of
stridor in neonates. Stridor is a high-pitched, wheezing sound caused by disrupted airflow.
How Common is Laryngomalacia?
Laryngomalacia is relatively common, affecting approximately 1 in 2,600 to 3,000 live births. It accounts for 60-75% of all congenital laryngeal anomalies. The condition is typically diagnosed within the first few weeks of life.
What Causes Laryngomalacia?
The exact cause of laryngomalacia is not well understood. However, it is believed to be associated with
neuromuscular immaturity of the laryngeal structures. Genetic factors may also play a role, and in some cases, familial patterns have been observed.
Poor feeding
Difficulty breathing
Recurrent respiratory infections
Apnea (pauses in breathing)
Failure to thrive
What are the Treatment Options for Laryngomalacia?
Most cases of laryngomalacia are mild and resolve on their own by the time the child is 12 to 18 months old. However, in severe cases that cause significant airway obstruction or failure to thrive, medical intervention may be necessary. Treatment options include:
Observation and monitoring
Positioning the infant to improve airway patency
Thickening feeds to reduce aspiration
Medications such as
proton pump inhibitors to manage associated gastroesophageal reflux
Surgical intervention, such as
supraglottoplasty, to remove excess tissue and widen the airway
Are There Any Long-Term Effects?
Most children with laryngomalacia do not experience long-term effects. However, a small percentage may have persistent symptoms or develop secondary issues such as
sleep apnea. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is crucial to monitor the child’s growth and development.
Conclusion
Laryngomalacia is a common neonatal disorder that can cause significant distress for both the infant and the parents. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are key to ensuring a positive outcome. While most cases resolve without intervention, severe cases may require medical or surgical treatment. With proper care, the majority of infants with laryngomalacia lead healthy, normal lives.
