What is FiO2?
FiO2, or
Fraction of Inspired Oxygen, is the percentage of oxygen in the air mixture that is delivered to a patient. In room air, the FiO2 is approximately 21%. In clinical settings, especially in
NICU or Pediatric Intensive Care Units (
PICU), supplemental oxygen is often provided to increase this percentage to meet the oxygenation needs of pediatric patients.
How is FiO2 Monitored?
Healthcare providers use various tools to monitor FiO2 and the patient's oxygenation status.
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method to measure oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the blood, while
arterial blood gases (ABGs) provide more detailed information about oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. Regular monitoring helps in adjusting FiO2 to maintain optimal oxygenation.
What are the Guidelines for FiO2 in Pediatrics?
Guidelines for FiO2 administration vary by age and condition. For example, in neonates, it is recommended to start with the lowest effective FiO2 to avoid complications. In older children with conditions like
asthma or
pneumonia, higher FiO2 may be required temporarily. It's essential to follow evidence-based protocols and tailor oxygen therapy to the individual needs of the child.
How to Wean Off FiO2?
Weaning off FiO2 should be done gradually and carefully. The process involves reducing the FiO2 in small increments while closely monitoring the child’s oxygenation status. Criteria for weaning include stable oxygen saturation levels, improved respiratory status, and the ability to maintain adequate oxygenation on lower FiO2 levels.
Conclusion
Managing FiO2 in pediatric patients is a delicate balance that requires careful consideration of the child’s age, underlying conditions, and response to therapy. By understanding the principles of FiO2 and adhering to best practices, healthcare providers can optimize oxygen therapy and improve outcomes for pediatric patients.
