What is Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)?
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is a condition where the ball and socket joint of the hip does not properly form in infants and young children. This can lead to the hip joint being loose or dislocated. The condition varies in severity, from mild instability to complete dislocation of the hip.
What Causes DDH?
The exact cause of DDH is not well understood, but several risk factors have been identified. These include:
Family history of DDH
First-born children
Breech birth
Female gender
Oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid)
Physical examination: A doctor may perform specific maneuvers such as the Ortolani and Barlow tests to check for hip instability.
Imaging studies:
Ultrasound is commonly used in infants, while
X-rays may be used in older children.
What are the Symptoms?
The symptoms of DDH can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:
Uneven leg lengths
Asymmetrical skin folds around the thigh
Limited range of motion in the affected leg
Clicking or popping sounds in the hip joint
Limping if the child starts walking
Pavlik harness: A soft brace used for infants under six months to keep the hip in place.
Closed reduction: A non-surgical procedure where the hip is manually repositioned, usually followed by the application of a
spica cast.
Open reduction: A surgical procedure to reposition the hip if closed reduction is not effective.
Osteotomy: Surgical reshaping of the hip joint to improve stability.
What are the Long-term Outcomes?
With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most children with DDH can lead normal lives. However, untreated or late-diagnosed DDH can lead to complications such as:
Hip arthritis Chronic pain
Difficulty walking
Leg length discrepancy
Avoiding tight swaddling that forces the legs together
Using
proper car seats and carriers that allow natural hip positioning
Regular pediatric check-ups to monitor hip development
Conclusion
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip is a significant neonatal disorder that requires early intervention for optimal outcomes. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options can help parents and healthcare providers manage this condition effectively.
