Cranial orthosis, also known as a
cranial remolding helmet, is a custom-made medical device used to treat certain conditions that affect the shape of an infant's head. These conditions include
plagiocephaly (flat head syndrome),
brachycephaly (short and broad head), and
scaphocephaly (long and narrow head). The primary goal is to gently mold the infant’s skull into a more typical shape.
Cranial orthosis is typically recommended when an infant's head shape issues do not resolve through repositioning techniques or other non-invasive methods. It is most effective when started between
4 to 12 months of age, as this is when the skull is most malleable. A pediatrician or a specialist in pediatric orthotics often makes the recommendation after assessing the severity and type of cranial deformity.
The helmet is designed to apply gentle, consistent pressure to the infant's skull, guiding it to grow into a more symmetrical shape. It is custom-fitted to each child, taking into account the particular areas that need correction. The process usually involves a series of adjustments over several months to ensure optimal results.
1.
Plagiocephaly: Characterized by a flat spot on the back or side of the head, often resulting from sleeping in one position for extended periods.
2.
Brachycephaly: The entire back of the head becomes flat, leading to a wider and shorter head shape.
3.
Scaphocephaly: Characterized by a long and narrow head shape, usually a result of premature fusion of skull bones.
1. Initial Consultation: The first step involves a detailed assessment by a pediatrician or cranial specialist.
2. Skull Assessment: Advanced imaging techniques, such as 3D scanning, are used to capture the precise shape of the infant's head.
3. Custom Fabrication: Based on the scan, a custom helmet is fabricated to fit the infant’s unique head shape.
4. Fitting and Adjustments: The helmet is then fitted and adjusted periodically to ensure it remains effective as the infant grows.
Cranial orthosis is generally safe, but as with any medical intervention, there can be minor side effects. These may include skin irritation, discomfort, or sweating. It is crucial to follow the care instructions provided by healthcare professionals to minimize these risks. In rare cases, improper fitting can lead to pressure sores, which is why regular follow-ups are essential.
The duration of treatment varies depending on the severity of the cranial deformity and the age at which treatment begins. On average, infants wear the helmet for about
3 to 6 months. It is typically worn for 23 hours a day, with one hour off for hygiene and skin care.
For milder cases,
repositioning techniques can be effective. These involve varying the infant's head position during sleep and ensuring plenty of supervised tummy time when awake. In some cases, physical therapy may be recommended to address any underlying muscular issues contributing to the head shape problem.
Conclusion
Cranial orthosis is a specialized treatment used to correct head shape deformities in infants. It is most effective when started early and involves a tailored approach to gently mold the skull into a more typical shape. While generally safe, it requires careful monitoring and regular adjustments to ensure optimal results. Parents and caregivers should consult with pediatric specialists to determine the best course of action for their child's specific needs.
