What is Conventional Phototherapy?
Conventional phototherapy is a commonly used treatment for
neonatal jaundice, a condition characterized by high levels of bilirubin in a newborn's blood. The therapy involves exposing the infant to a specific wavelength of blue light, which helps to convert bilirubin into a form that can be more easily excreted by the body.
How Does Phototherapy Work?
Phototherapy works by using light to transform bilirubin into
photoisomers and lumirubin, which are more water-soluble and can be excreted via urine and feces. The light used in phototherapy is typically blue light with a wavelength of around 460-490 nm, which is most effective at breaking down bilirubin.
Indications for Phototherapy
Phototherapy is indicated for newborns with
hyperbilirubinemia who are at risk of developing severe jaundice or
kernicterus, a type of brain damage that can result from very high levels of bilirubin. The decision to start phototherapy is based on factors such as the newborn's age, weight, and bilirubin levels.
Types of Phototherapy
There are several types of phototherapy, including: Conventional Phototherapy: Uses fluorescent or LED lamps that emit blue light. The infant is placed under these lights, typically in an incubator.
Fiber-optic Phototherapy: Utilizes a fiber-optic blanket that can be wrapped around the infant, allowing for treatment without the need for an overhead light source.
Intensive Phototherapy: Involves using multiple light sources or higher-intensity lights to treat severe cases of jaundice.
Benefits of Conventional Phototherapy
Conventional phototherapy is highly effective in reducing bilirubin levels and preventing complications associated with neonatal jaundice. It is a non-invasive treatment, which means it does not require surgery or injections. Additionally, it can be administered in both hospital and home settings, making it accessible for many families.Risks and Side Effects
Although generally safe, conventional phototherapy can have some side effects, including: Dehydration: Increased fluid loss due to exposure to light.
Hyperthermia: Overheating if the infant is not adequately monitored.
Skin Rash: Mild skin irritation or rash in some infants.
Retinal Damage: Potential eye damage if proper eye protection is not used.
Monitoring and Care During Phototherapy
Close monitoring is essential during phototherapy to ensure the safety and well-being of the infant. This includes: Regularly checking
bilirubin levels to assess the effectiveness of the treatment.
Monitoring the infant's temperature to prevent
overheating.
Ensuring the infant is well-hydrated, either through breastfeeding or supplemental fluids.
Protecting the infant's eyes with appropriate eye shields to prevent retinal damage.
When to Stop Phototherapy
Phototherapy is usually discontinued when bilirubin levels fall below a certain threshold and remain stable. The healthcare provider will determine the appropriate time to stop treatment based on the infant's bilirubin levels, age, and overall health status.Conclusion
Conventional phototherapy is a vital treatment for managing neonatal jaundice, helping to reduce bilirubin levels and prevent serious complications. Understanding how it works, its benefits, and potential risks can help caregivers and healthcare providers ensure effective and safe management of this common neonatal disorder.
