What are Bow Legs (Genu Varum)?
Bow legs, medically termed
genu varum, is a condition where the legs curve outward at the knees while the ankles touch. This condition is quite common in infants and young children. The natural curvature usually self-corrects as the child grows, but in some cases, it might persist or worsen, requiring medical intervention.
Physiological: Most commonly, bow legs are a normal developmental stage in infants. The condition often improves as the child starts walking.
Blount's Disease: A growth disorder of the shin bone (tibia) leading to a progressive bowing.
Rickets: A vitamin D deficiency that leads to softening of bones.
Genetic Conditions: Certain inherited disorders can also cause bow legs.
How is Bow Legs Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of bow legs typically involves a physical examination. The doctor will observe the child's gait and leg alignment. In some cases,
imaging tests such as X-rays may be required to assess the bone structure and rule out underlying conditions like Blount's Disease or Rickets.
Outward bending of the legs from the knees.
Uneven leg lengths in severe cases.
Possible knee pain or difficulty walking in older children.
The bowing is severe or worsening.
The child experiences pain in the knees or legs.
Only one leg is affected.
The child is over 3 years old and the condition has not improved.
Observation: In physiological cases, regular monitoring is often sufficient as the condition usually improves with age.
Bracing: Special braces may be used in cases like Blount's Disease to help correct the curvature.
Surgery: In severe or persistent cases, surgical intervention might be necessary to realign the bones.
Nutritional Supplements: For conditions like Rickets, vitamin D and calcium supplements are prescribed.
Can Bow Legs be Prevented?
While physiological bow legs cannot be prevented, ensuring adequate nutrition, particularly sufficient
vitamin D and calcium intake, can help prevent Rickets. Early diagnosis and treatment of underlying conditions can also mitigate the severity of bow legs.
Prognosis and Long-Term Outlook
The long-term outlook for children with bow legs is generally positive, especially when the condition is physiological and self-corrects over time. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of underlying conditions like Blount’s Disease or Rickets significantly improve outcomes. Regular follow-ups with a pediatrician ensure that any complications are promptly addressed.
