What is Ascariasis?
Ascariasis is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. It is one of the most common infections worldwide, particularly in areas with poor sanitation. This condition is especially relevant in pediatrics due to its high prevalence among children.
How Do Children Get Infected?
Children typically get infected by ingesting
parasitic eggs found in contaminated soil, water, or food. The eggs hatch into larvae in the intestines, migrate through the bloodstream to the lungs, and then return to the intestines to mature into adult worms.
What Are the Symptoms?
The symptoms of ascariasis in children can vary depending on the stage of the
life cycle of the worm. Early symptoms may include respiratory issues such as coughing and wheezing, due to the migration of larvae through the lungs. Intestinal symptoms, which occur later, can include:
Abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Malnutrition and weight loss
Growth retardation
How is Ascariasis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of ascariasis in children is usually made by identifying
parasite eggs in stool samples. In some cases, imaging studies such as abdominal X-rays or ultrasounds may be used to detect the presence of adult worms.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications such as
albendazole or
mebendazole. These medications are effective in killing the adult worms in the intestines. In severe cases, or when complications like intestinal blockage occur, surgical intervention may be necessary.
Intestinal blockage
Growth retardation
Malnutrition
Respiratory problems
Biliary tract obstruction
Improving
sanitation and hygiene practices
Ensuring access to clean water
Washing hands thoroughly before eating
Properly cooking food
Regular deworming programs in endemic areas
Conclusion
Ascariasis remains a significant health issue in pediatric populations, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent serious complications. Additionally, implementing effective preventive measures can significantly reduce the incidence of this parasitic infection among children.
