What are Allergy Shots?
Allergy shots, also known as
immunotherapy, are a long-term treatment option designed to decrease sensitivity to allergens. This treatment is particularly useful for children who suffer from chronic allergies that are not well-controlled by medications or avoidance strategies. The shots contain small amounts of the allergen, which gradually increase over time to build the child's tolerance.
Who Needs Allergy Shots?
Candidates for allergy shots typically include children with severe allergic reactions to pollens, dust mites, pet dander, or insect stings. It is particularly recommended for those who do not respond well to regular medications or other forms of treatment. Children with
asthma that is triggered by allergies can also benefit from immunotherapy.
How Do Allergy Shots Work?
The process begins with an
initial evaluation by an allergist, who will perform skin tests or blood tests to identify specific allergens. The shots are then administered in two phases: the
build-up phase and the
maintenance phase. During the build-up phase, which lasts 3 to 6 months, the child will receive shots 1 to 2 times per week. The maintenance phase involves receiving shots less frequently, usually once a month, for 3 to 5 years.
Are Allergy Shots Safe for Children?
Yes, allergy shots are generally safe for children. However, they should always be administered in a healthcare setting where emergency care is available, as there is a small risk of an
anaphylactic reaction. Common side effects include redness and swelling at the injection site, which usually resolve within a few hours.
What Are the Benefits?
Immunotherapy can significantly reduce the symptoms of allergies and asthma. Over time, children may experience fewer allergic reactions and a reduced need for
medications. This can improve their quality of life, allowing them to participate more fully in activities and reducing missed days of school.
What Are the Risks and Side Effects?
While allergy shots are generally safe, they do carry some risks. Besides the possibility of
local reactions at the injection site, systemic reactions such as sneezing, nasal congestion, or hives can occur. In rare cases, a severe allergic reaction (
anaphylaxis) can happen, which is why it is crucial for the shots to be administered under medical supervision.
How Long Does It Take to See Results?
Most children start to see improvement in their allergy symptoms within the first year of starting immunotherapy. However, significant benefits are usually observed after the first year of the maintenance phase. Patience and consistency are key, as the treatment plan can take 3 to 5 years to complete.
When Should You Consult an Allergist?
If your child has persistent allergy symptoms that are not well-controlled with over-the-counter or prescription medications, it may be time to consult an
allergist. Additionally, if your child frequently experiences allergic reactions that interfere with their daily life, immunotherapy might be a viable option to consider.
Conclusion
Allergy shots can be a highly effective treatment for children with severe or persistent allergies. By gradually building tolerance to specific allergens, immunotherapy can reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life. Although the treatment requires a long-term commitment, the benefits often outweigh the risks for many children. Always consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of action for your child.
